RULE OF LAW, RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, AND HARMONY: REGULATING RELIGION WITHIN KAZAKHSTAN'S SECULAR MODEL

Abstract

This article examines the regulation of religious policy and state-confessional relations in Kazakhstan. Religion is an integral part of the spiritual life in secular Kazakhstan, and religious values are embedded within the value paradigm of Kazakhstani identity. In this context, there is a need to model secularism based on the rule of law, human rights, and personal freedoms. The purpose of this article is to conceptualize "Kazakhstani secularism" and "Kazakhstani religiosity," identifying their differences and the universality of their value meanings. this study employed a mixed methodology using both qualitative and quantitative strategies to examine the regulation of religion within Kazakhstan's secular framework, aiming to uncover underlying principles, assess current practices, and suggest improvements that align with international standards. The concept of secularism in Kazakhstan has evolved due to historical chronotopes, challenges of modernity, and ideological discourses, yet the legal provision of religious freedoms remains a constant principle. The authors argue that it is necessary to enhance the policy of interconfessional and state-confessional relations, transitioning to a policy of dialogue aimed at consolidating Kazakhstani society, alleviating social tensions, and fostering unity.